In Western cultures, which are obsessed with what is new, novel, innovative, and futuristic, being old is often perceived as a shortcoming, and the elderly in such cultures are often shown as irascible, depressed, decrepit, senile people who have lost their joie de vivre. English literature is replete with negative images of old age. Take, for example, the doleful Jacques in Shakespeare's As You Like It, who paints old age in a negative light when he declares that the final and most dismal age is that of “second childhood and mere oblivion, sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.” Then there is La Rochefoucauld, who viewed most old people as making a mess of their age and wasting their time, or letting time waste them. Matthew Arnold's perspective of growing old doesn't shine a positive light on old age either. In his well-known poem “Growing Old,” he laments the loss of physical beauty and physical strength. For Arnold, old folks are trapped in their bodies ...
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